The Turkish Invasions

Alberuni

Step 1: The question is about a scholar who lived in India during Mahmud's time. Step 2: Alberuni spent about 10 years in India and wrote 'Tahqiq-i-Hind,' which contains detailed observations on Indian civilisation. Step 3: Firdausi was a poet who wrote the famous epic 'Shahnama' — he was in Mahmud's court but did not write about India. Step 4: Qutubi was another scholar in Mahmud's court but not the author of 'Tahqiq-i-Hind.' Step 5: Jaichandra was a Rajput king of Kanauj, not a scholar.

CE 1173

Step 1: The question asks when Muhammad Ghori came to power. Step 2: Muhammad Ghori ascended the throne at Ghazni in CE 1173. Step 3: CE 1150 is incorrect — no significant event from the chapter matches this date. Step 4: CE 1191 was the year of the First Battle of Tarain, not when Ghori became ruler. Step 5: CE 1206 was the year Muhammad Ghori died, not when he became ruler.

Muhammad Ghori was defeated by Prithviraj Chauhan

Step 1: The Battle of Tarain was fought between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan. Step 2: In the First Battle of Tarain (CE 1191), Ghori was defeated by Prithviraj Chauhan — this was Ghori's only major defeat. Step 3: In the Second Battle of Tarain (CE 1192), the result was reversed — Ghori defeated Prithviraj. Step 4: Raja Jaichandra was not involved in the Battle of Tarain — he fought Ghori at the Battle of Chandawar in CE 1194. Step 5: A draw is incorrect — there was a clear winner in CE 1191, and it was Prithviraj.

Second Battle of Tarain, CE 1192

Step 1: Ghori fought two major battles at Tarain against Prithviraj Chauhan. Step 2: The Second Battle of Tarain took place in CE 1192, and this time Ghori won and defeated Prithviraj Chauhan. Step 3: The First Battle of Tarain (CE 1191) was won by Prithviraj, not Ghori. Step 4: The Battle of Chandawar (CE 1194) was fought against Raja Jaichandra of Kanauj, not Prithviraj. Step 5: The Battle of Panipat is from a different period of Indian history and is not related to Ghori vs Prithviraj.