Acids, Bases and Salts — Flashcards
Karnataka Board · Class 10 · Science
20 flashcards for Acids, Bases and Salts (Karnataka Board Class 10 Science) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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A student accidentally spills lemon juice on blue litmus paper. What color change will occur and why?
Answer
The blue litmus paper will turn red. Lemon juice contains citric acid, which produces H⁺ ions in solution. Acids always change blue litmus to red, indicating their acidic nature.
Why does baking soda relieve stomach acidity?
Answer
Baking soda (NaHCO₃) is a mild base that neutralizes excess HCl acid in the stomach. The neutralization reaction: NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂. This reduces acidity and provides relief.
What happens when zinc metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid? Write the reaction.
Answer
Hydrogen gas is evolved with effervescence. Reaction: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑. The hydrogen gas can be tested by bringing a burning candle near it - it burns with a 'pop' sound.
Why do acids conduct electricity while glucose solution does not?
Answer
Acids ionize in water to produce H⁺ ions: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻. These ions carry electric current. Glucose doesn't ionize in water - it remains as molecules, so no ions are present to conduct electricity.
How to test for carbon dioxide gas evolved from sodium carbonate and HCl reaction?
Answer
Pass the gas through lime water [Ca(OH)₂]. CO₂ turns lime water milky due to formation of white CaCO₃ precipitate: Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. This confirms CO₂ presence.
What is pH scale and what does a pH of 3 indicate?
Answer
pH scale measures H⁺ ion concentration from 0-14. pH 7 = neutral, <7 = acidic, >7 = basic. pH 3 indicates a strong acid with high H⁺ concentration (like lemon juice).
A farmer notices his crops growing poorly in soil with pH 4. What should he add to improve crop growth?
Answer
Add slaked lime Ca(OH)₂ or quick lime CaO to increase soil pH. These bases neutralize soil acidity, bringing pH closer to 6-7 range optimal for most crops. This improves nutrient availability.
What is neutralization reaction? Give the general equation.
Answer
Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base to form salt and water. General equation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O. The H⁺ and OH⁻ ions combine to form wate…
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Sources & Official References
- Karnataka SSLC — kseeb.kar.nic.in
- Dept of Pre-University Education, Karnataka
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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