Carbon and its Compounds — Flashcards
Karnataka Board · Class 10 · Science
20 flashcards for Carbon and its Compounds (Karnataka Board Class 10 Science) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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Why can carbon form so many compounds compared to other elements?
Answer
Carbon has two unique properties: 1) Catenation - ability to form long chains with other carbon atoms due to strong C-C bonds, and 2) Tetravalency - can bond with 4 other atoms, allowing diverse molec…
A hydrocarbon burns with a yellow sooty flame. What type of hydrocarbon is it and why?
Answer
It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds, causing incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen. This produces carbon particles (soot) that glow yellow…
What happens when ethanol is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid at 443K?
Answer
Dehydration occurs: CH₃CH₂OH → CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O. Ethanol loses water to form ethene (unsaturated hydrocarbon). Concentrated H₂SO₄ acts as a dehydrating agent, removing water molecules.
Define covalent bonding and explain how it occurs in methane (CH₄).
Answer
Covalent bonding is sharing of electron pairs between atoms. In methane, carbon (4 valence electrons) shares one electron each with four hydrogen atoms (1 valence electron each). This gives carbon and…
Why does soap not work effectively in hard water?
Answer
Hard water contains Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. Soap reacts with these ions to form insoluble precipitates (scum): 2C₁₇H₃₅COONa + Ca²⁺ → (C₁₇H₃₅COO)₂Ca + 2Na⁺. This reduces soap's cleaning efficiency and wast…
What is a homologous series? Give an example.
Answer
A homologous series is a group of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, differing by -CH₂- units. Example: Alkanes - CH₄ (methane), C₂H₆ (ethane), C₃H₈ (propane). E…
How do you test for carbon dioxide gas produced when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?
Answer
Pass the gas through freshly prepared lime water (Ca(OH)₂). If CO₂ is present, lime water turns milky due to formation of CaCO₃: CO₂ + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. The milky appearance confirms CO₂ gas.
What are structural isomers? Draw two isomers of butane (C₄H₁₀).
Answer
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Butane isomers: 1) n-butane: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ (straight chain), 2) isobutane: CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₃ (branched chain).
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Sources & Official References
- Karnataka SSLC — kseeb.kar.nic.in
- Dept of Pre-University Education, Karnataka
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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