Labour and Employment — Important Questions

Increases efficiency of labour

Step 1: Division of labour has several important advantages in production. Step 2: The primary advantage is increased efficiency as workers specialize in specific tasks. Step 3: Specialization allows workers to become more skilled and faster at their assigned tasks. Step 4: This leads to higher quantity and better quality of output. Step 5: Other advantages include reduced average costs and opportunities for research and development.

Monotony of work

Step 1: While division of labour has benefits, it also creates several problems. Step 2: Monotony occurs when workers repeat the same task continuously. Step 3: This repetition can lead to boredom and reduced job satisfaction. Step 4: Workers may feel less engaged and creative in their work. Step 5: Other disadvantages include increased dependence among workers and potential unemployment if their specialized skill becomes obsolete.

31%

Step 1: Gender participation in labour force varies between rural and urban areas. Step 2: In rural areas, women constitute about 31% of the labour force. Step 3: In urban areas, this percentage drops to about 20%. Step 4: These statistics show that women's participation is higher in rural areas, often due to agricultural activities. Step 5: However, overall women's participation in the labour force is still lower compared to men, indicating gender inequality in employment opportunities.

Labour that creates utility or is done for earning income

Step 1: Productive labour has specific characteristics in economic terms. Step 2: It must create some form of utility or value in the economy. Step 3: The work must be undertaken with the purpose of earning income. Step 4: According to Adam Smith, productive labour leads to creation of material goods or assets. Step 5: Anti-social activities or work done purely for pleasure are not considered productive labour.