Genetics of Life — Flashcards
Kerala Board · Class 10 · Biology
25 flashcards for Genetics of Life (Kerala Board Class 10 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is DNA and where is it located"
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What is DNA and where is it located in the cell?
Answer
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material that contains genetic instructions. Location pathway: Cell → Nucleus → Chromosome → DNA. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, packaged…
Describe the structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick.
Answer
DNA has a double helix structure with two strands. Components: (1) Nucleotide - basic unit containing deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base (2) Strands made of sugar-phosphate backbone…
What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA and how do they pair?
Answer
Four nitrogen bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C). Base pairing rules: A pairs with T, G pairs with C. This is called complementary base pairing and is held together by hydrogen…
How does DNA fit into tiny cells despite being 6 feet long in humans?
Answer
DNA is packaged through hierarchical organization: (1) DNA wraps around histone octamers (8 histone proteins) to form nucleosomes (2) Nucleosomes coil and pack together (3) Further coiling forms chrom…
What is the normal chromosome composition of human males and females?
Answer
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Females: 44 + XX (22 pairs of autosomes + 2 X chromosomes). Males: 44 + XY (22 pairs of autosomes + 1 X and 1 Y chromosome). Sex is determined by the 23rd pair o…
What are homologous chromosomes?
Answer
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of identical chromosomes - one inherited from mother and one from father. They have the same genes at the same locations but may have different alleles. The 22 pairs o…
Compare the structure of DNA and RNA.
Answer
DNA: Double-stranded, deoxyribose sugar, bases A-T-G-C, found in nucleus. RNA: Single-stranded, ribose sugar, bases A-U-G-C (Uracil instead of Thymine), found in nucleus and cytoplasm. Both are nuclei…
What is a gene and what is its function?
Answer
A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that contains instructions for making proteins. Genes control characteristic features and metabolic activities by directing protein synthesis. Diffe…
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Sources & Official References
- Kerala Board of Public Examinations — keralapareekshabhavan.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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