Immunity and Healthcare — Flashcards

Answer

According to the World Health Organisation, health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being. It means not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Answer

Immunity is the ability of the body to prevent the entry of pathogens and to destroy those that have already entered. It protects the body from harmful substances including pathogens, pollen grains, d…

Answer

Antigens are anything, including pathogens, which enter the body and cause diseases. Examples include pathogens, pollen grains, dust, certain food items, and chemicals.

Answer

Innate immunity is the natural immune mechanism that exists in the body by birth. It is non-specific and works against all pathogens. Acquired immunity develops after birth, specifically recognizes an…

Answer

1. Wax in the ear 2. Lysozyme in saliva and tears 3. Mucus and mucous membranes 4. Cilia in the trachea 5. HCl in the stomach 6. Sweat and sebum on skin 7. Useful bacteria in digestive and urinary tra…

Answer

Phagocytosis is the process by which white blood cells engulf and destroy pathogens. The cells involved are called phagocytes, mainly neutrophils and monocytes. They form phagosomes which fuse with ly…

Answer

During injury, cells release histamine and other chemicals that dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the injured area. This brings more white blood cells (monocytes and neutrophils) to fight…

Answer

Fever is caused by pyrogens released by white blood cells. High temperature helps phagocytes destroy pathogens more quickly, inhibits pathogen growth, and enhances overall immunity. It's a sign that t…