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Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues

Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

45 questions24 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Biodiversity and Its Levels

  • Biodiversity is the variety of life including differences in genes, species richness, and ecosystem types within a region
  • Term coined by Walter Rosen (1982) and popularized by Edward Wilson
  • Genetic diversity: Intraspecific diversity - variations within same species (1000 mango varieties, 50,000 rice varieties in India)
2

Patterns of Biodiversity

  • Latitudinal gradient: Species richness decreases from equator to poles due to climatic stability in tropics
  • Tropical regions experienced fewer glaciations, have consistent climate, abundant sunlight and rainfall
  • Amazon rainforest: 40,000 plants, 1,300 birds, 427 mammals, 3,000 fish species
3

Current Biodiversity Scenario and Loss

  • 1.5 million species documented (IUCN 2004), but Robert May estimates 7 million species globally
  • India: 8.1% of global biodiversity on 2.4% land area, one of 12 megadiversity countries
  • 45,000 plant species and ~90,000 animal species identified in India
4

IUCN Red List Categories

  • IUCN maintains Red Data Book/Red List for conservation status
  • Categories: EX (Extinct) → EW (Extinct in Wild) → CR (Critically Endangered <50 individuals) → EN (Endangered 50-70% decline) → VU (Vulnerable 30-50% decline) → NT (Near Threatened) → LC (Least Concer
  • DD (Data Deficient) and NE (Not Evaluated) for incomplete assessments

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Biodiversity is the variety of lifeBiodiversity shows specific distribution patternsFour major causes of biodiversity lossTwo main approachesAir pollution involves particulate matter (PM2

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology?
Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 45 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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