Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
Flashcards for Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is biodiversity and what are its three main levels?
Answer
Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth including all living organisms and their interactions. The three main levels are: 1. Genetic diversity - variation within species (intraspecific) 2. Specie…
Explain the latitudinal gradient pattern in biodiversity distribution.
Answer
Species richness is highest at lower latitudes (near equator) and decreases towards the poles. This occurs because: - Tropical regions have stable climate for millions of years - More intense sunlight…
What is the species-area relationship and its mathematical equation?
Answer
The species-area relationship shows that species richness increases with habitat area but up to a certain limit. The relationship follows a rectangular hyperbola pattern. Equation: log S = log C + Z l…
Compare the Productivity-Stability Hypothesis and Rivet Popper Hypothesis in relation to biodiversity importance.
Answer
Productivity-Stability Hypothesis (David Tillman): Species-rich communities are more stable with consistent biomass production over time and better resistance to disturbances. Rivet Popper Hypothesis…
What are the four major causes of biodiversity loss known as 'The Evil Quartet'?
Answer
The Evil Quartet consists of: 1. Habitat loss and fragmentation - Primary cause, reduces natural habitats 2. Over-exploitation - Humans accumulating beyond needs, leading to resource depletion 3. Alie…
Define the IUCN Red List categories for threatened species from most to least threatened.
Answer
IUCN Red List categories (most to least threatened): 1. Extinct (EX) - No individuals remaining 2. Extinct in Wild (EW) - Only survives in captivity 3. Critically Endangered (CR) - Extremely high exti…
Compare in situ and ex situ conservation methods with examples.
Answer
In Situ Conservation: - Protection in natural habitat ('at home') - Examples: National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, sacred groves - India has 14 biosphere reserves, 90 national par…
What are the key provisions of the Biological Diversity Act 2002?
Answer
The BD Act 2002 was passed in compliance with CBD (1992) for sustainable management of natural resources. Key provisions: - Three-tier system: NBA (national), SBBs (state), BMCs (local) - Mandatory pe…
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