Elements of Groups 16, 17 and 18 — Chapter Summary
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Summary of Elements of Groups 16, 17 and 18 for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry. Part of the Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry syllabus.
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Overview
This chapter explores the fascinating chemistry of p-block elements from groups 16, 17, and 18. Group 16 (oxygen family/chalcogens) includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. Group 17 (halogens) comprises fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Group 18 (noble gases) cont
Key Concepts
Group 16 has ns²np⁴ configuration
Group 16 has ns²np⁴ configuration, Group 17 has ns²np⁵, and Group 18 has ns²np⁶. Atomic radii increase down the group, while ionization enthalpy and e
Oxygen is diatomic (O₂) and paramagnetic
Oxygen is diatomic (O₂) and paramagnetic, shows limited oxidation states (-2, -1, +2), and H₂O is liquid due to hydrogen bonding. Fluorine shows only
Industrial preparation involves
Industrial preparation involves: S + O₂ → SO₂, then 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃ (with V₂O₅ catalyst at 720K), finally SO₃ + H₂SO₄ → H₂S₂O₇, then H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O → 2
Prepared by silent electric discharge through
Prepared by silent electric discharge through oxygen: 3O₂ ⇌ 2O₃. Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent (O₃ → O₂ + [O]), acts as bleaching agent without
Halogens (X₂) show decreasing reactivity down
Halogens (X₂) show decreasing reactivity down the group (F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂). They form HX compounds with acidic strength order: HI > HBr > HCl > HF.
Learning Objectives
- Understand the electronic configuration and periodic trends of groups 16, 17, and 18 elements
- Explain the anomalous behavior of first elements (oxygen and fluorine) in their respective groups
- Study the preparation, properties, and uses of important compounds like H2SO4, HCl, and ozone
- Learn about allotropy in sulfur and oxygen
- Understand interhalogen compounds and their structures
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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