Elements of Groups 16, 17 and 18 — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
25 flashcards for Elements of Groups 16, 17 and 18 (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the general electronic configuration of Group 16 elements and what are they called?
Answer
General electronic configuration: ns²np⁴ Group 16 elements are called chalcogens or ore-forming elements. Members: O, S, Se, Te, Po They need 2 electrons to achieve noble gas configuration.
What is the general electronic configuration of Group 17 elements and what are they called?
Answer
General electronic configuration: ns²np⁵ Group 17 elements are called halogens (salt producers). Members: F, Cl, Br, I, At They need 1 electron to achieve noble gas configuration. Halogens have the sm…
List the oxidation states shown by Group 16 elements and explain the trend.
Answer
Oxygen: -2, -1, +2 (limited due to high electronegativity) Other elements (S, Se, Te, Po): -2, +2, +4, +6 Trend: Stability of +6 decreases down the group while +4 increases due to inert pair effect.
What are the oxidation states of Group 17 elements and why does fluorine show limited oxidation states?
Answer
All halogens: -1 Cl, Br, I also show: +1, +3, +5, +7 Fluorine only shows -1 because: 1. Highest electronegativity 2. No d-orbitals in valence shell 3. Cannot expand octet 4. Small atomic size…
Explain the anomalous behavior of oxygen compared to other Group 16 elements.
Answer
1. Atomicity: O₂ (diatomic) vs S₈ (polyatomic) 2. Magnetic property: O₂ is paramagnetic, others diamagnetic 3. Oxidation states: Limited to -2, -1, +2 4. Hydride: H₂O is liquid (hydrogen bonding), oth…
Why does fluorine show anomalous behavior in Group 17?
Answer
Reasons: 1. Small atomic size 2. Highest electronegativity (4.0) 3. No d-orbitals in valence shell 4. Low F-F bond dissociation enthalpy Consequences: - Forms only one oxoacid (HOF) - HF is liquid du…
Write the balanced equation for laboratory preparation of oxygen from KClO₃ and state the conditions.
Answer
2KClO₃(s) → MnO₂/Heat → 2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g) Conditions: - Catalyst: MnO₂ (manganese dioxide) - Temperature: Heat required - Alternative catalysts: Iron oxide, copper oxide Other methods: 2H₂O₂(aq) → Mn…
Describe the structure and properties of ozone (O₃).
Answer
Structure: - Angular molecule with bond angle 117° - Two identical O-O bonds (128 pm) - Resonance hybrid of two canonical forms Properties: - Pale blue gas, dark blue liquid - Diamagnetic - Powerful …
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