Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: An Appraisal
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Economics
Quick revision notes for Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: An Appraisal — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Economics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Background of the 1991 Economic Crisis and Reforms
- In 1991, India faced a serious economic crisis linked to external debt and a shortage of foreign exchange.
- Foreign exchange reserves fell to a level not sufficient for even a fortnight.
- The government could not make repayments on borrowings from abroad.
2. Liberalisation
- Liberalisation means removing unnecessary restrictions on economic activities.
- Before reforms, industrial licensing controlled entry, production, closure, and output levels in many industries.
- After reforms, industrial licensing was abolished for almost all industries.
3. Privatisation and Public Sector Enterprises
- Privatisation means shedding ownership or management of a government-owned enterprise.
- Government companies can be converted into private companies by withdrawal of government ownership and management or by outright sale.
- Disinvestment means privatisation of public sector enterprises by selling off part of the equity to the public.
4. Globalisation and the World Economy
- Globalisation means integration of the economy of a country with the world economy.
- It creates networks and activities across economic, social, and geographical boundaries.
- It makes events in one place affect activities far away.
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