Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure is the normal force per

Pressure is the normal force per unit area. Its average form is P_av = F/A, and in limiting form P = lim(ΔA→0) ΔF/ΔA. It is a scalar quantity, not a v

Density is mass per unit volume

Density is mass per unit volume, ρ = m/V. It is a positive scalar quantity. Relative density compares a substance with water at 4°C and has no unit.

In a fluid at rest

In a fluid at rest, pressure increases with depth according to P2 - P1 = ρgh. If the surface is open to atmosphere, absolute pressure at depth h is P

Atmospheric pressure at sea level

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1 atm = 1.013 × 10^5 Pa. The mercury barometer measures atmospheric pressure using Pa = ρgh. The open tube manome

Pressure in a fluid at rest

Pressure in a fluid at rest is the same at all points at the same height, and pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished in all