Skip to main content
Super TutorResources
Chapter 2 of 10
Syllabus

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Chemistry

What Haloalkanes and Haloarenes covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Chemistry: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

31 questions70 flashcards6 formulas & key relations5 concepts

Interactive on Super Tutor

Studying Haloalkanes and Haloarenes? Get the full interactive chapter.

Quizzes, flashcards, AI doubt-solver and a step-by-step study plan — built for syllabus and more.

Try Super Tutor — Free

Free trial, no card needed.

A flowchart illustrating the general reaction of alcohols with halogen acids (HX) to form alkyl halides, showing the reactivity order of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Super Tutor

One of 33 illustrations for Haloalkanes and Haloarenes in Super Tutor — alongside flashcards, concept maps and practice questions.

4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Chemistry · 2026-27

Topics in Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

1

1. Classification and Nomenclature

  • Haloalkanes contain halogen atom(s) attached to sp3 hybridised carbon of an alkyl group.
  • Haloarenes contain halogen atom(s) directly bonded to sp2 hybridised carbon of an aromatic ring.
  • Compounds may be monohalogen, dihalogen, or polyhalogen depending on the number of halogen atoms.
2

2. Preparation of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

  • Haloalkanes are prepared from alcohols by replacing the -OH group with halogen using hydrogen halides, phosphorus halides, or thionyl chloride.
  • Thionyl chloride is preferred because SO2 and HCl are gases and leave the reaction mixture, giving a pure alkyl halide.
  • Primary and secondary alcohols need ZnCl2 with HCl; tertiary alcohols react readily with concentrated HCl at room temperature.
3

3. Physical Properties

  • Pure alkyl halides are colourless, but bromides and iodides may develop colour on exposure to light.
  • Many volatile halogen compounds have a sweet smell.
  • Boiling points of alkyl halides are higher than those of corresponding hydrocarbons because of stronger intermolecular forces and greater molecular mass.
4

4. Nucleophilic Substitution in Haloalkanes

  • Nucleophilic substitution occurs when a nucleophile replaces the leaving halogen atom in a haloalkane.
  • General form: R-X + Nu- → R-Nu + X-.
  • Common nucleophiles include OH-, OR-, I-, NH3, CN-, NO2-, and others.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Definition and basic distinctionClassificationNomenclatureNature of C-X bondPreparation of haloalkanesPreparation of haloarenesPhysical propertiesChemical reactions of haloalkanes

Work through every topic in Haloalkanes and Haloarenes with notes and quizzes

Start This Chapter

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Haloalkanes and Haloarenes for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Haloalkanes and Haloarenes include Classification and Nomenclature, Preparation of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Physical Properties, Nucleophilic Substitution in Haloalkanes. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Haloalkanes and Haloarenes for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 31 practice questions on Haloalkanes and Haloarenes. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

More resources for Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

All Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

For serious students

Get the full Haloalkanes and Haloarenes chapter — start free.

Quizzes, flashcards, an AI doubt solver and a study plan for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Chemistry. Free to start, no card needed.

Try Super Tutor Free
Try this chapter free