Electromagnetic Waves
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Physics
All formulas from Electromagnetic Waves in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.
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1. Maxwell’s Idea and Displacement Current
∮ B · dl = μ0 i(t)
Φ_E = |E| A = (1/ε0)(Q/A)A = Q/ε0
ε0 (dΦ_E/dt) = i
i = i_c + i_d = i_c + ε0 dΦ_E/dt
∮ B · dl = μ0 i_c + μ0 ε0 (dΦ_E/dt)
2. Sources of Electromagnetic Waves
Only accelerated charges radiate electromagnetic waves
Frequency of EM wave = frequency of oscillation of charge
3. Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
E_x = E0 sin(kz - ωt)
B_y = B0 sin(kz - ωt)
k = 2π/λ
ω = ck, where c = 1/√(μ0ε0)
2πν = c(2π/λ) or νλ = c
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