Skip to main content
Super TutorResources
Chapter 2 of 14
Formula Sheet

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments — Formula Sheet

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Physics

10 formulas from Ray Optics and Optical Instruments (Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics) on one page, grouped by topic.

96 questions64 flashcards10 formulas & key relations5 concepts

Interactive on Super Tutor

Studying Ray Optics and Optical Instruments? Get the full interactive chapter.

Quizzes, flashcards, AI doubt-solver and a step-by-step study plan — built for formula sheet and more.

Try Super Tutor — Free

Free trial, no card needed.

A diagram illustrating the concept of apparent depth, showing an object placed at the bottom of a liquid and how it appears to be at a shallower depth when viewed from above due to refraction.
Super Tutor

One of 27 illustrations for Ray Optics and Optical Instruments in Super Tutor — alongside flashcards, concept maps and practice questions.

10 Entries · 3 Sections

Formulas and Key Relations

2. Spherical Mirrors

Focal length of spherical mirror: f = R/2

Mirror equation: 1/v + 1/u = 1/f

Magnification (mirror): m = h'/h = -v/u

4. Refraction, Snell's Law, Apparent Depth

Snell's law: sin i / sin r = n21

n12 = 1 / n21

n32 = n31 × n12

Apparent depth = real depth / refractive index

Refraction at spherical surface: n2/v - n1/u = (n2 - n1)/R

Key relations

The lens maker's formula is 1/f = (n21 - 1)(1/R1 - 1/R2).

For a thin lens, the image relation is 1/v - 1/u = 1/f.

Full sheet with units and worked examples

View All

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Ray Optics and Optical Instruments for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics?
Key topics in Ray Optics and Optical Instruments include Basics of Light, Rays, and Reflection, Refraction, Refractive Index, and Apparent Depth, Total Internal Reflection and Optical Fibre, Refraction at Lenses and Lens Maker’s Formula. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How many formulas are in Ray Optics and Optical Instruments?
This sheet lists 10 formulas from Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, grouped by topic. Learn what each symbol stands for so you can apply the formula, not just recall it.
How should I revise Ray Optics and Optical Instruments for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 96 practice questions on Ray Optics and Optical Instruments. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

More resources for Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

All Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

For serious students

Get the full Ray Optics and Optical Instruments chapter — start free.

Quizzes, flashcards, an AI doubt solver and a study plan for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics. Free to start, no card needed.

Try Super Tutor Free
Try this chapter free