Electromagnetic Induction

EMF is induced when magnetic flux changes, The direction of induced current opposes the change, EMF is induced when coil moves in magnetic field

EMF is induced whenever there's a change in magnetic flux (flux change, relative motion). Lenz's law ensures the induced current opposes the change. A steady magnetic field without any change does not induce EMF.

1.0 V

For motional EMF, ε = BLv, where B = 0.2 T, L = 0.5 m, v = 10 m/s. Therefore, ε = 0.2 × 0.5 × 10 = 1.0 V.

Number of turns, Cross-sectional area, Length of solenoid, Material of core

Self-inductance L = μN²A/l depends on number of turns N, area A, length l, and permeability μ (material of core). Current does not affect inductance as L = Φ/I is independent of current value.

Transformer

A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction, which is based on electromagnetic induction. When AC current in the primary coil changes, it induces EMF in the secondary coil.