Electromagnetic Waves

They can travel through vacuum, Electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular, They carry energy and momentum

Electromagnetic waves can travel through vacuum, have perpendicular electric and magnetic fields, and carry energy and momentum. They do not require a medium.

Microwaves

Microwaves (1 GHz to 1000 GHz) are used in microwave ovens. The frequency matches the resonant frequency of water molecules, efficiently transferring energy to heat food.

500 nm

λ = c/f = (3×10⁸)/(6×10¹⁴) = 5×10⁻⁷ m = 500 nm. This is green light in the visible spectrum.

Electrons are accelerated and bombarded on metal targets

X-rays are produced when electrons are accelerated under high potential difference and bombarded on metal targets. This is the principle of X-ray tubes.