Co-ordination and Controlling

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Co-ordination is the process of harmonising the activities and efforts of different individuals, groups, and departments in an organisation to achieve common goals. It ensures unity of action and avoi…

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Co-ordination is called the 'essence' of management because it integrates all other functions—planning, organising, staffing, and directing. Without co-ordination, departments may work at cross purpos…

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1. Larger organisations have more employees and departments, increasing the risk of misalignment. 2. Operations may be spread across different locations, reducing direct communication. 3. Diversificat…

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Co-ordination aligns individual and departmental goals with organisational objectives. It reduces duplication, avoids conflicts, and ensures that all efforts are directed toward the same end. For inst…

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Controlling is the function of evaluating actual performance against planned standards and taking corrective action if needed. For example, if workers are supposed to make 20 shirts a day but only mak…

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Planning sets the goals and standards, while controlling checks if those goals are being met. Without planning, there are no standards to control against. Without controlling, planning cannot be evalu…

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Controlling is forward-looking because it uses current performance data to guide future actions. By identifying deviations now, managers can take corrective steps to improve future performance and sta…

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Controlling is backward-looking because it evaluates past performance to find deviations from standards. Managers look at what has already happened to understand why targets were not met and to preven…