Co-ordination and Controlling

It is continuous

Control is a continuous process because performance must be monitored regularly to ensure alignment with plans.

Because it integrates all other functions

Coordination ensures that planning, organising, staffing, and directing work together harmoniously, making it essential to management.

Purchase Department

The purchase department is responsible for acquiring raw materials needed for production.

Departments may work at cross purposes

Without coordination, departments may focus on their own goals rather than organisational goals, leading to conflict and inefficiency.