Chapter 7 of 12
Concept Maps
Basic Processes — Concept Maps
CBSE · Class 11 · Biotechnology
4 concept maps of Basic Processes for CBSE Class 11 Biotechnology, each also written out as a text outline. Maps: Chapter Overview: Basic Processes.
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4 Concept Maps
Chapter Overview: Basic Processes
The map in words
- Basic Processes
- DNA as Genetic Material
- Griffith Experiment
- Transformation
- Transforming Principle
- Avery MacLeod McCarty
- DNA confirmed
- Hershey Chase
- 32P labels DNA
- 35S labels Protein
- Griffith Experiment
- Gene Organisation
- Prokaryotes
- Circular DNA
- Nucleoid Region
- Supercoiling
- HLU Proteins
- Eukaryotes
- Linear DNA
- Nucleosomes
- Histone Octamer
- Chromatin Fibre
- Prokaryotes
- DNA Replication
- Semiconservative
- Messelson Stahl
- Key Enzymes
- DNA Polymerase
- Primase
- Helicase
- Ligase
- Leading Strand
- Lagging Strand
- Okazaki Fragments
- Gene Expression
- Central Dogma
- DNA to RNA
- RNA to Protein
- Transcription
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- Translation
- tRNA Charging
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- Central Dogma
- Genetic Code
- 64 Codons
- 61 Code Amino Acids
- 3 Stop Codons
- AUG Start Codon
- Degenerate
- Universal
- Gene Mutation
- Transition
- Transversion
- Frameshift
- DNA Repair
- Base Excision BER
- Nucleotide Excision NER
- Mismatch Repair MMR
- Gene Regulation
- Operon Model
- Lac Operon
- Inducible Operon
- Repressible Operon
- Operon Model
- DNA as Genetic Material
Basic Processes - Complete Chapter Concept Map
The map in words
- Basic Processes
- DNA as Genetic Material
- Griffith Experiment 1928
- Transformation Principle
- S and R Strains
- Avery MacLeod McCarty
- DNase destroys activity
- DNA is transforming agent
- Hershey Chase 1952
- T2 Bacteriophage
- P-32 labels DNA
- S-35 labels Protein
- DNA enters bacteria
- Griffith Experiment 1928
- Gene Organisation
- Prokaryotes
- Circular double-stranded DNA
- Nucleoid Region
- Supercoiling
- Plasmids
- HLU Proteins
- Eukaryotes
- Linear DNA
- Nucleosome
- Histone Octamer H2A H2B H3 H4
- 146 bp DNA wrapped
- Linker DNA
- H1 Histone
- Chromatin Fibre 30nm
- Nuclear Genome
- Organellar Genome
- Prokaryotes
- DNA Replication
- Semiconservative Mode
- Meselson Stahl Experiment
- N-14 and N-15 isotopes
- CsCl density gradient
- Machinery
- DNA Polymerase III main enzyme
- Primase synthesises RNA primer
- Helicase unwinds DNA
- Topoisomerase relieves tension
- SSB Proteins stabilise strands
- DNA Ligase joins fragments
- Mechanism
- Origin of Replication
- Bidirectional Replication
- Leading Strand continuous
- Lagging Strand discontinuous
- Okazaki Fragments
- Semi-discontinuous Replication
- Semiconservative Mode
- Gene Expression
- Central Dogma
- DNA to RNA Transcription
- RNA to Protein Translation
- RNA to DNA Reverse Transcription
- Transcription
- RNA Polymerase
- Promoter
- Template Strand
- Coding Strand
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- Post-transcriptional Modifications
- 5 prime Capping
- Splicing Introns Exons
- Poly-A Tail
- Translation
- Charging of tRNA
- Initiation Complex
- Elongation
- Termination Stop Codon
- Polyribosomes
- Central Dogma
- Genetic Code
- Triplet Codons
- 64 Total Codons
- 61 Sense Codons
- 3 Stop Codons UAA UAG UGA
- AUG Start Codon
- Degenerate
- Unambiguous
- Non-overlapping
- Universal
- Gene Mutation
- Chromosomal Mutation
- Aberration
- Aneuploidy
- Polyploidy
- Point Mutation
- Addition
- Deletion
- Substitution
- Transition purine to purine
- Transversion purine to pyrimidine
- Spontaneous Mutation
- Tautomeric Shift
- Induced Mutation
- Physical X-rays UV rays
- Chemical EMS 5-bromouracil
- Biological Viruses
- Chromosomal Mutation
- DNA Repair
- Base Excision Repair
- DNA Glycosylase
- AP Site
- DNA Polymerase fills gap
- Nucleotide Excision Repair
- UV Radiation damage
- Thymine Dimers
- UVr Complex
- Mismatch Repair
- MutH MutL MutS MutT
- Corrects replication errors
- Base Excision Repair
- Regulation of Gene Expression
- Operon Model Jacob Monod 1961
- Structural Genes
- Promoter
- Operator
- Regulator Gene
- Repressor Protein
- Lac Operon Inducible
- lacZ beta-galactosidase
- lacY permease
- lacA transacetylase
- Allolactose as Inducer
- Negative Control
- Positive Control
- Inducible Operon
- Inducer inactivates repressor
- Transcription turns ON
- Repressible Operon
- Co-repressor activates repressor
- Transcription turns OFF
- Operon Model Jacob Monod 1961
- DNA as Genetic Material
Correct vs Incorrect: Strand Terminology in Transcription
The map in words
- Double Stranded DNA
- Coding Strand also called Sense Strand
- NOT read by RNA Polymerase
- Sequence is SAME as mRNA with T replaced by U
- Template Strand also called Antisense Strand
- READ by RNA Polymerase 3 to 5 direction
- mRNA produced 5 to 3 direction
- mRNA sequence IDENTICAL to Coding Strand with T replaced by U
- mRNA produced 5 to 3 direction
- Serves as Template for mRNA synthesis
- READ by RNA Polymerase 3 to 5 direction
- Coding Strand also called Sense Strand
DNA-based flow of genetic information and its control in living cells
The map in words
- DNA-based flow of genetic information and its control in living cells
- DNA as genetic material
- Gene organisation
- DNA replication
- Gene expression
- Transcription
- Genetic code
- Translation
- Gene mutation
Explore these maps interactively
Explore DiagramsFrequently Asked Questions
What are the important topics in Basic Processes for CBSE Class 11 Biotechnology?
Key topics in Basic Processes include DNA as the Genetic Material, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Organisation, DNA Replication, Gene Expression and Transcription. Study these first, then practise questions on each for Class 11 exams.
What do the concept maps for Basic Processes show?
The 4 maps show how the ideas in Basic Processes connect: Chapter Overview: Basic Processes; Basic Processes - Complete Chapter Concept Map. Each map is also written out as an outline on this page.
How should I revise Basic Processes for Class 11 exams?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 86 practice questions on Basic Processes. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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