Equilibrium — Formula Sheet

H2O(l) ⇌ H2O(vap)

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

Kc = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

Kc(reverse) = 1 / Kc(forward)

Kc(forward multiplied by n) = (Kc)^n

Kp = Kc(RT)^Δn

R = 0.0831 bar L mol^-1 K^-1

Δn = moles of gaseous products − moles of gaseous reactants

Qc = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q

ΔG° = -RT ln K

K = e^(-ΔG°/RT)

1 bar = 10^5 Pa.

At equilibrium, ΔG = 0 and Q = K, so ΔG° = -RT ln K and K = e^(-ΔG°/RT).