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Equilibrium

CBSE · Class 11 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for Equilibrium — CBSE Class 11 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

131 questions82 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Nature of Equilibrium

  • At equilibrium, the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation.
  • Equilibrium is dynamic: both forward and reverse processes continue, but at equal rates.
  • Equilibrium can be established for physical as well as chemical processes.
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2. Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant

  • Guldberg and Waage proposed the equilibrium equation in 1864.
  • The equilibrium equation is called the law of mass action because concentration was historically called active mass.
  • For a reaction at a given temperature, a fixed ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations is obtained at equilibrium.
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3. Relation Between Kp and Kc

  • For gaseous equilibria, pressure is proportional to concentration at constant temperature.
  • Pressure must be expressed in bar for Kp calculations because the standard state for pressure is 1 bar.
  • 1 bar = 10^5 Pa.
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4. Extent and Direction of Reaction

  • If Kc > 10^3, products predominate.
  • If Kc < 10^-3, reactants predominate.
  • If Kc lies between 10^-3 and 10^3, appreciable amounts of both reactants and products are present.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

At equilibriumFor a general reaction aA +For gaseous reactionsQc and Qp have the sameThe relation ΔG = ΔG° +

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Equilibrium for CBSE Class 11 Chemistry?
Equilibrium covers several key topics that are frequently asked in CBSE Class 11 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Equilibrium — CBSE Class 11 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 131 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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