Thermodynamics
CBSE · Class 11 · Chemistry
All formulas from Thermodynamics in CBSE Class 11 Chemistry. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.
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Formulas
First law, heat, work, and sign convention
ΔU = q + w
ΔU = U2 - U1 = w_ad
w = -p_ex (V_f - V_i)
w = - ∫_{V_i}^{V_f} p_ex dV
w_rev = -nRT ln(V_f/V_i) = -2.303 nRT log(V_f/V_i)
Enthalpy and heat capacity
H = U + pV
ΔH = ΔU + pΔV
ΔH = ΔU + Δn_gRT
Cp - Cv = R
q_p = ΔH
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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