Flow of Control

The elif construct lets us check another condition after an `if`. If the first condition is false, Python checks the `elif` condition(s) one by one. The else construct is the final default part of the `if` statement and runs when none of the earlier conditions are true.

So:
- elif = “else if”, used for multiple conditions
- else = executes when all conditions are false

The range() function is used to create a sequence of integers for looping. It can specify a start, stop, and step value. The `stop` value is not included in the sequence.

Example: `list(range(2, 10))` gives `[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]`.

break and continue are used to control loops, but they work differently:

- break: immediately ends the loop and control moves to the statement after the loop.
- continue: skips the remaining statements of the current iteration and goes back to the beginning of the loop for the next iteration.

Example of break:
```python
for i in range(1, 6):
if i == 3:
break
print(i)
```
Output:
`1 2`

Example of continue:
```python
for i in range(1, 6):
if i == 3:
continue
print(i)
```
Output:
`1 2 4 5`

An infinite loop is a loop whose condition never becomes false, so it keeps repeating forever.

Example:
```python
while True:
print("Hello")
```
This loop never stops unless it is broken by a `break` statement or the program is terminated.

`a` starts at `110` and the loop runs while `a > 100`.

Step by step:
- `110 > 100` → print `110`, then `a = 110 - 2 = 108`
- `108 > 100` → print `108`, then `a = 106`
- `106 > 100` → print `106`, then `a = 104`
- `104 > 100` → print `104`, then `a = 102`
- `102 > 100` → print `102`, then `a = 100`
- `100 > 100` is false, so the loop stops

So the output is the numbers from `110` down to `102`, decreasing by `2`.

`range(20,30,2)` starts at `20`, increases by `2`, and stops before `30`.

So the values are:
- `20`
- `22`
- `24`
- `26`
- `28`

The string `country = 'INDIA'` is a sequence of characters. The `for` loop prints each character one by one in order:

- `I`
- `N`
- `D`
- `I`
- `A`

Start with `i = 0` and `sum = 0`.

The loop runs while `i < 9`, and `i` increases by `2` each time.

Values of `i`: `0, 2, 4, 6, 8`

Check when `i % 4 == 0`:
- `i = 0` → yes, `sum = 0 + 0 = 0`
- `i = 2` → no
- `i = 4` → yes, `sum = 0 + 4 = 4`
- `i = 6` → no
- `i = 8` → yes, `sum = 4 + 8 = 12`

So the final printed value is `12`.

For each `x` in `1, 2, 3`, the inner loop checks `y = 2, 3, 4`.

The statement `print(x * y)` is after `break`, so it is never executed.

Check the condition `x * y > 10`:
- For `x = 1`: products are `2, 3, 4` → no break
- For `x = 2`: products are `4, 6, 8` → no break
- For `x = 3`: products are `6, 9, 12` → when `y = 4`, condition becomes true and the inner loop breaks

Since the print is unreachable, nothing is printed.

Start with `var = 7`.

Loop steps:
1. Print `Current variable value: 7`
2. `var = var - 1` → `var = 6`
3. `if var == 3` → false
4. `else` branch: `if var == 6` → true, so `var = var - 1` makes `var = 5`, then `continue`
- `Good bye!` is skipped

Next iteration:
1. Print `Current variable value: 5`
2. `var = 4`
3. `if var == 3` → false
4. `if var == 6` → false
5. Print `Good bye!`

Next iteration:
1. Print `Current variable value: 4`
2. `var = 3`
3. `if var == 3` → true, so `break`

So the output is:
- `Current variable value: 7`
- `Current variable value: 5`
- `Good bye!`
- `Current variable value: 4`

```python
name = input("Enter your name: ")
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:
print(name, "is eligible to apply for a driving license")
else:
print(name, "is not eligible to apply for a driving license")
```