Writing Skills: Sub-Titling
CBSE · Class 11 · English
Quick revision notes for Writing Skills: Sub-Titling — CBSE Class 11 English. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Purpose of Sub-Titling
- Sub-titling conveys the main idea or theme of each section of a long piece of writing.
- It helps the reader know at a glance the sub-topics that are being addressed.
- Suitable sub-titles break the monotony of reading long passages.
2. Main Idea of the Article
- The article presents Curitiba in Brazil as an example of inclusive, low-cost urban renewal.
- It compares the urban conditions in Indian cities with poor urban living conditions described by Friedrich Engels.
- It criticises post-liberalisation urban policies for neglecting poverty, sanitation, water shortages, housing, and public transport.
3. Urban Decay and Public Health
- The depths of urban decay in India came to global notice during the pneumatic plague of 1994 in Surat.
- The article treats the Surat event as proof of failure in urban governance and public health planning.
- Post-Independence urban development ignored basic public health concerns.
4. Sanitation, Housing, and Drainage Problems
- Post-liberalisation policies neglected poverty, sanitation, water shortages, affordable housing, and public transport.
- Nearly 14 million urban Indian households do not have a latrine within the house.
- 14 per cent of urban Indian households have only rudimentary 'pit' toilet facilities.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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