Learning
CBSE · Class 11 · Psychology
Quick revision notes for Learning — CBSE Class 11 Psychology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Nature of Learning
- Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience.
- Learning always involves experience.
- Behavioural changes due to drugs or fatigue are temporary and are not considered learning.
2. Classical Conditioning
- Classical conditioning was first investigated by Ivan P. Pavlov.
- Pavlov was primarily interested in the physiology of digestion in dogs.
- Food is the Unconditioned Stimulus and salivation is the Unconditioned Response.
3. Operant or Instrumental Conditioning
- Operant conditioning was first investigated by B.F. Skinner.
- Skinner studied rats and pigeons in the Skinner Box.
- Operant behaviour is voluntary and under the organism's control.
4. Key Learning Processes
- Reinforcement strengthens responses.
- Extinction is the disappearance of a learned response due to removal of reinforcement.
- Resistance to extinction grows with reinforced trials up to a point, then further increase reduces it.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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