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Biotechnology and its Applications

CBSE · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Biotechnology and its Applications — CBSE Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

42 questions80 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the diverse applications of biotechnology, including therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, bioremediation, and waste treatment.
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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Biotechnology in Agriculture

  • Three main approaches for increasing food production are agro-chemical based agriculture, organic agriculture, and genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.
  • The three critical research areas of biotechnology are providing improved catalysts, creating optimal engineering conditions, and downstream processing technologies.
  • Explants are any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile conditions in special nutrient media.
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2. Biotechnology in Medicine

  • Recombinant DNA technology has made a major impact in healthcare by enabling mass production of safe and effective therapeutic drugs.
  • Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses like products isolated from non-human sources.
  • About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide, and 12 are marketed in India.
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3. Transgenic Animals

  • Transgenic animals have extra foreign DNA introduced and expressed in their bodies.
  • Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows, and fish have been produced.
  • Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
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4. Ethical Issues, Patents, and Biopiracy

  • Genetic modification of living organisms needs regulation because it can have unpredictable results in ecosystems.
  • GEAC is the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee and makes decisions on the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.
  • The Indian Government set up GEAC for safety and regulatory decisions.

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Key Concepts

Biotechnology deals with industrialAn explant is any partMicropropagation is the production of thousandsThe meristemProtoplasts from two different plant varieties

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biotechnology and its Applications for CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Biotechnology and its Applications covers several key topics that are frequently asked in CBSE Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Biotechnology and its Applications — CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 42 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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