Biotechnology and its Applications
CBSE · Class 12 · Biology
Summary of Biotechnology and its Applications for CBSE Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Biotechnology uses living organisms, cells, or their components to make useful products and processes on a large scale. Its major applications include agriculture, medicine, transgenic animals, and ethical regulation. The chapter connects plant improvement, pest control, recombinant therapeutics, ge
Key Concepts
Biotechnology deals with industrial
Biotechnology deals with industrial-scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biological products using genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants,
An explant is any part
An explant is any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile conditions in special nutrient media. This method allows whole plan
Micropropagation is the production of thousands
Micropropagation is the production of thousands of plants through tissue culture in a short time. The plants produced are genetically identical to the
The meristem
The meristem, especially apical and axillary meristems, is free of virus even in infected plants. Removing and culturing the meristem can produce viru
Protoplasts from two different plant varieties
Protoplasts from two different plant varieties can be fused to form hybrid protoplasts, called somatic hybrids. A known example is pomato, formed by f
Learning Objectives
- Understand the major applications of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine
- Explain tissue culture, micropropagation, somatic hybridisation, and GM crops
- Describe Bt crops, RNA interference, and pest resistance strategies
- Explain recombinant insulin production, gene therapy, and molecular diagnosis
- Describe the uses of transgenic animals in research, medicine, and safety testing
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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