Molecular Basis of Inheritance
CBSE · Class 12 · Biology
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1. DNA: Structure and Packaging
- DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides.
- A nucleotide has three parts: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
- Purines are adenine and guanine.
2. Search for the Genetic Material
- DNA was first identified as an acidic nuclear substance by Friedrich Meischer in 1869 and named Nuclein.
- Frederick Griffith worked with Streptococcus pneumoniae S and R strains in 1928.
- S strain is virulent and R strain is non-virulent.
3. DNA versus RNA and RNA World
- DNA is more stable than RNA because it lacks the 2' OH group and contains thymine.
- RNA has an extra 2' OH group, making it more reactive and less stable.
- RNA acts as genetic material in some viruses such as TMV and QB bacteriophage.
4. DNA Replication
- Watson and Crick proposed a copying mechanism based on complementary base pairing.
- DNA replication is semiconservative.
- Each daughter DNA molecule has one parental strand and one newly synthesised strand.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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