How Things are Made
CBSE · Class 4 · EVS
Quick revision notes for How Things are Made — CBSE Class 4 EVS. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Making Recycled Paper
- Paper can be made from old newspapers and waste materials
- Fenugreek seeds (methi) are used as binding material in recycled paper
- The process involves: tearing paper → soaking in water → adding fenugreek seeds → blending → rolling out → drying
Natural Colors and Dyes
- Natural dyes are made from different parts of plants (leaves, flowers, roots, seeds, stems)
- Examples: Turmeric gives yellow color, spinach gives green, beetroot gives red, henna gives brown
- Natural dyes are safe to use compared to artificial dyes
Types of Paper and Their Uses
- Different types: writing paper, newspaper, art paper, cardboard, tissue paper
- Each type has specific properties for different uses
- Tissue paper is thin, soft, and absorbs water - used for cleaning
5Rs of Waste Management
- The 5Rs are: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle
- Refuse: Say 'no' to things that create waste (like single-use cups)
- Reduce: Use things carefully to make less waste (use both sides of paper)
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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