How Things are Made — NCERT Solutions

Given: Different types of paper used in daily life.

Observations:

Conclusion: Different types of paper have different textures and thicknesses, which make them suitable for different purposes. Using the right type of paper for the right purpose helps reduce wastage.

Given: Various situations related to waste management.

Concept: The 5Rs of Waste Management are — Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle.

Answers:

(a) A family brings their own cloth bags to the grocery store instead of using plastic ones.
→ Reuse — They are using the same cloth bags again and again instead of taking new plastic bags each time.

(b) Maya does not use a plastic straw to drink coconut water.
→ Refuse — She is refusing to use a plastic straw, thereby avoiding unnecessary waste.

(c) Rohan uses blank pages of his old notebooks to avoid wastage of paper.
→ Reduce — He is reducing the wastage of paper by using what is already available.

(d) Sara gives her old books to younger students for their use.
→ Reuse — The books are being used again by someone else instead of being thrown away.

(e) Kabir paints an old bottle to use as a flower vase.
→ Repurpose — He is using the old bottle in a new and creative way (as a flower vase) instead of discarding it.

(f) Priya cuts old clothes to make a fun bag for carrying her books.
→ Repurpose — She is giving old clothes a new use by turning them into a bag.

(g) A shopkeeper turns old newspapers into paper envelopes.
→ Recycle — The old newspapers are being processed and turned into something new (paper envelopes).

Given: We have learnt how to make recycled paper from paper pulp.

Objects that can be made using paper pulp:

1. Greeting cards
2. Paper masks
3. Paper bowls and trays
4. Decorative pots or vases
5. Bookmarks
6. Photo frames
7. Envelopes
8. Notebooks or notepads
9. Paper bags
10. Wall hangings and decorations

Conclusion: Paper pulp is a very versatile material. By using it creatively, we can make many useful and decorative items while also helping to reduce paper waste.

Given: The 5Rs of Waste Management — Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle.

One step for each R:

1. Refuse — I will refuse to take a plastic carry bag when I go shopping and carry my own cloth bag instead.

2. Reduce — I will write on both sides of every sheet of paper to reduce paper wastage.

3. Reuse — I will reuse old glass jars as containers for storing pencils, pens, or small items.

4. Repurpose — I will use old newspapers to make paper bags or decorative items instead of throwing them away.

5. Recycle — I will collect old newspapers and notebooks and use them to make recycled handmade paper.

Conclusion: By following these small steps every day, I can contribute to protecting the environment and reducing waste.

Given: We need to apply the 5Rs rule specifically to avoid wastage of paper.

Ideas for each R:

Conclusion: By applying the 5Rs rule to paper use in our daily lives, we can save trees, conserve water and energy, and help protect our environment for future generations.