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Agriculture Sector

Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Economics

Quick revision notes for Agriculture Sector — Gujarat Board Class 12 Economics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

1

8.1 Agriculture as Backbone of Economy

  • India has been an agricultural nation since ancient times with 68.8% population living in rural areas (2011 census)
  • Agricultural failure leads to industrial sector failure due to lack of raw materials and reduced demand
  • Rural areas with 69% population provide major market for industrial products
2

8.2 Present Situation and Importance

  • Contribution to National Income: Declined from 53.1% (1950-51) to 13.9% (2011-12)
  • Employment: Reduced from 72% at independence to 49% in 2014-15
  • Export Income: Decreased from 70% at independence to 14.2% in 2013-14
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8.3 Causes of Low Productivity

  • Institutional Factors: Zamindari/Mahalwari/Ryotwari systems, inadequate credit, poor marketing, rigid social structure
  • Technological Factors: Use of traditional methods, old equipment, low use of modern inputs
  • Population Pressure: High dependency ratio on agriculture for employment
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8.4 Measures to Increase Productivity

  • Institutional Measures: Land reforms, institutional credit (NABARD-1982, RRBs-1975), regulated markets, AGMARK
  • Technological Measures: Improved seeds, chemical fertilizers, irrigation expansion, modern machinery, pesticides, soil testing
  • Other Measures: Farmer education, agricultural fairs, allied activities, rural industrialization

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Key Concepts

Agriculture is called the backboneAgriculture's contribution to national income hasThese include land revenue systems (ZamindariIndian agriculture still uses traditional methodsStarted in 1966

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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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