Gravitation

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Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The fo…

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F = G × (M × m) / d² Where: F = gravitational force G = universal gravitational constant (6.673 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻²) M, m = masses of the two objects d = distance between the centres of objects…

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Value: G = 6.673 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻² Unit: N m² kg⁻² (Newton meter square per kilogram square) This constant was first measured by Henry Cavendish using a sensitive balance.

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Free fall is the motion of an object falling towards the Earth under the influence of gravitational force alone, without any resistance. During free fall, objects experience acceleration due to gravit…

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Acceleration due to gravity (g) is the acceleration experienced by objects falling freely towards Earth due to gravitational force. Value: g = 9.8 m/s² Unit: m/s² (meter per second square) It is const…

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g = GM/R² Where: g = acceleration due to gravity G = universal gravitational constant M = mass of the Earth (6 × 10²⁴ kg) R = radius of the Earth (6.4 × 10⁶ m) This gives g = 9.8 m/s²…

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From F = mg and F = GMm/d², we get g = GM/d². Since acceleration due to gravity (g) is independent of the object's mass (m), all objects fall at the same rate during free fall. This was demonstrated b…

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Mass: - Measure of inertia - Constant everywhere - Scalar quantity - Unit: kg Weight: - Force due to gravity (W = mg) - Varies with location - Vector quantity (acts downward) - Unit: N (Newton)…