Managing the Urban Environment

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Urbanisation is the process in which villages turn into towns, towns into cities, and cities into megacities or metropolis. It increases the share of people living in urban areas and changes land use,…

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Urbanisation means the share of the national population living in urban areas. Urban population growth means the absolute number of people living in urban areas. The two are not the same because the p…

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Open land, agricultural land, and sometimes forest land are used for residential buildings, schools, hospitals, roads, highways, and industries. This causes loss of natural vegetation and environmenta…

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Urbanisation increases construction, transport, fuel use, and industrial activity. This leads to air pollution, pollution of waterways by untreated effluent, and more greenhouse gas emissions from cit…

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Slums or squatter settlements are crowded urban areas formed because many people cannot get affordable housing in modern urban settlements. They often lack proper sanitation, security, education, and …

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Slums create serious social, economic, and environmental problems. Poor sanitation causes disease, children often miss education, security is weak, and alcoholism can become a major problem. Better ho…

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Mumbai had the highest slum population percentage at 48.88% according to the 2001 Census.

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Counter urbanisation means the movement of population and economic activity away from urban areas. It is also called rural turnaround.