Managing the Urban Environment
ICSE · Class 10 · Environmental Science
Quick revision notes for Managing the Urban Environment — ICSE Class 10 Environmental Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Urbanisation, Slums and Counter Urbanisation
- Urbanisation is the increase in the share of population living in urban areas; it is different from urban population growth, which means the absolute number of people in cities.
- During urbanisation, residential buildings, schools, hospitals, roads, highways and industries expand over open land, agricultural land and sometimes forest land.
- Urbanisation causes loss of natural vegetation, degradation of environment, pressure on land and growth of slums.
Sustainable Cities and Urban Environmental Improvement
- A sustainable system is one that can be continued with no ill effects.
- A sustainable city is also called an eco-city.
- Eco-cities are designed to minimise energy use, water use, food demand, heat, air pollution and water pollution.
Efficient Land-Use and Land-Use Planning
- Land-use conflicts arise when different sectors compete for the same land without coordinated planning.
- Land-use planning is a branch of urban planning that orders and regulates land use in an efficient and ethical way.
- The main purpose of land-use planning is to avoid land degradation and misuse while maintaining and improving land quality.
Planning Energy, Shelter and Transport
- Energy is essential for development but also contributes to many environmental problems.
- In India, commercial fuels account for 60% of the total primary energy supply and non-commercial fuels account for the remaining 40%.
- India's power generation increased from 1362 MW in 1947 to 69,000 MW in 1991-92, 90,000 MW in 1998 and 93,253 MW in 1999.
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