Measures Of Central Tendency

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Central tendency is a single figure that represents the whole mass of data. It gives one central value for a group of observations and helps summarize data in a simple form.

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They help represent complex data in a simple form, make comparison between groups easier, support policy formulation, and assist economic analysis. For example, average wages can be used to compare tw…

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The three most commonly used measures are arithmetic mean, median, and mode. They are often called the 3Ms of central tendency.

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Geometric mean and harmonic mean are additional types of averages, but they are not discussed in this chapter. The chapter focuses on arithmetic mean, median, and mode.

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Arithmetic mean is the sum of all values of a group of items divided by the number of items. It is the most popular measure of central tendency and can be simple or weighted.

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The formula is X̄ = ΣX / N, where ΣX is the sum of all values and N is the number of items.

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The direct formula is x̄ = ΣfX / Σf. Each value is multiplied by its frequency, and the total is divided by the total frequency.

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First find the mid-points of class intervals. Then use x̄ = Σfm / N, where m is the mid-value of each class and N is the total frequency.