Resource Use and Ecological Foot prints of Human Societies — Chapter Summary
ICSE · Class 11 · Environmental Science
Summary of Resource Use and Ecological Foot prints of Human Societies for ICSE Class 11 Environmental Science.
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Overview
Human societies survive by organising livelihood, resource use, settlement, and social relations in distinct ways. These organised patterns are called modes of existence. Four principal modes are recognised: hunting-gathering, pastoral, agricultural, and industrial. Each mode differs in its resource
Key Concepts
A mode of existence is
A mode of existence is the characteristic way in which a society organises livelihood, uses natural resources, structures social institutions, and def
This is the earliest mode
This is the earliest mode of existence and is based on subsistence use of wild plants and animals. It has a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle, small c
This mode is based on domestication
This mode is based on domestication and herding of animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, yaks, and buffaloes. It uses seasonal migration or tr
This mode is based on systematic
This mode is based on systematic cultivation of crops and domesticated plants and animals. It led to permanent settlement, significant land transforma
This is a highly mechanised
This is a highly mechanised and technologically advanced mode driven by large-scale production, profit, and markets. It relies on fossil fuels, has a
Learning Objectives
- Understand the meaning of mode of existence and ecological footprint.
- Identify the four principal modes of existence and their features.
- Compare resource use, catchment area, and environmental impact across the four modes.
- Explain how hunting, pastoral, agricultural, and industrial modes affect land, biodiversity, cycles, and climate.
- Study the Sentinelese and Jarawa as examples of indigenous resource use.
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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