Resource Use and Ecological Foot prints of Human Societies
ICSE · Class 11 · Environmental Science
Flashcards for Resource Use and Ecological Foot prints of Human Societies — ICSE Class 11 Environmental Science. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is a mode of existence?
Answer
A mode of existence is the characteristic way in which a society organises its livelihood, uses natural resources, structures its social institutions, and defines its relationship with nature.
Which four principal modes of existence are recognised?
Answer
The four principal modes of existence are hunting-gathering, pastoral, agricultural, and industrial.
Why is the hunting-gathering mode called a subsistence economy?
Answer
It is based on meeting immediate needs. Food is collected from wild plants and animals, and surplus storage is minimal.
How does a hunting-gathering group reduce pressure on resources?
Answer
By moving from one place to another in a nomadic or semi-nomadic way, the group avoids overusing one area and allows natural recovery.
What is the catchment area in hunting-gathering mode?
Answer
The catchment area is usually small because resources are collected from the immediate surroundings of the community.
Why is the environmental impact of hunting-gathering usually low?
Answer
Resource extraction is limited to subsistence needs, settlements are temporary, and land transformation is minimal. So the ecological footprint remains very small.
How does pastoral mode develop in difficult regions?
Answer
Pastoral mode arose in regions unsuitable for cultivation, such as arid, semi-arid, mountainous, or grassland areas. Livestock became the main livelihood there.
What is transhumance?
Answer
Transhumance is the seasonal migration of pastoral communities with their herds in search of pasture and water.
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