Unipolar World

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Pax-Romana was a system of peace established by the Romans in ancient times by suppressing opponents.

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Pax-Teutonica was a system of dominance established by the Holy Roman Empire and the Teutonic Order during the Middle Ages.

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Pax-Britannica was a system of dominance in the modern age by the British, expressed by the idea that the sun never set over the British Empire.

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Pax-Americana is the system of dominance led by the United States after the Cold War. It is identified with unipolarity, where one super-power remains dominant.

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After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in December 1991, only the United States remained as a super-power. This created a unipolar world.

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American influence steadily increased after 1971 as part of a move towards unipolarity. This was linked to the decline of Soviet strength and the growing reach of the United States.

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Gorbachev realised the internal decline of the Soviet Union and introduced glasnost and perestroika. Glasnost meant openness, and perestroika meant reconstruction of the economy.

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Nixon established diplomatic and economic relations with China in 1972. This strengthened the American position in world politics.