Equality

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Equality means equal rights, equal opportunities, and equal respect for all human beings. It does not mean that everyone is identical in ability, work, or reward.

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Equality is difficult to define because it has many meanings. It can mean equal dignity, equal power, fairness, or equal opportunities. Different thinkers use it in different ways.

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The two main views are the negative view and the positive view. The negative view means no discrimination on artificial grounds. The positive view means providing adequate opportunities for all.

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In the negative sense, equality means no discrimination on artificial grounds such as religion, caste, wealth, creed, domicile, descent, or sex. Valid discrimination on rational grounds is allowed.

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It is not a violation when the reason is valid and rational. Very hazardous jobs cannot be given to females, so this kind of distinction is allowed on safety grounds.

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In the positive sense, equality means provision of adequate opportunities for all. The aim is to help every person develop personality and use natural abilities fully.

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No. Equality does not mean identical treatment or identical rewards. Different people may need different opportunities because their needs, abilities, and efforts are different.

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The doctrine of desert means that merit, efficiency, or excellence can be used as a basis for giving higher reward or honour. Deserving persons may receive more than less deserving persons.