ICSE Class 12 Artificial Intelligence — Chapter Summary

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that helps computers understand, interpret, and generate human language. Human language is complex and ambiguous, so NLP systems use understanding, analysis, and generation techniques to make text useful for real-world tasks.

Statistics is the science of data that uses mathematical techniques to collect, classify, present, analyse, and interpret quantitative data. It helps in extracting useful information from data and understanding patterns, centre values, spread, uncertainty, and random outcomes. Probability is the bra

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to decide whether a sample gives enough evidence to infer a condition about a whole population. It always uses two opposite statements: the null hypothesis, which represents no effect or no difference, and the alternative hypothesis, which represents a