ICSE Class 12 Chemistry — Chapter Summary

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. The chapter covers the types of solutions, ways of expressing concentration, behaviour of gases in liquids, vapour pressure and Raoult's law, ideal and non-ideal solutions, azeotropes, colligative properties, osmotic pressure, and abnorma

Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and electrical energy into chemical energy, along with their mutual relationship. The chapter connects redox reactions, galvanic cells, electrolytic cells, electrode potential, electroch

Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates and the mechanism by which reactions occur. Chemical reactions do not all proceed at the same speed: some are very fast, such as ionic reactions, while others are very slow, such as rusting of iron. The chapter explains how reaction rate is measured,