ICSE Class 12 Mathematics — Chapter Summary

A relation connects two sets by pairing elements from one set with elements of another set. The Cartesian product A × B is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that a belongs to A and b belongs to B. A relation from A to B is any subset of A × B, while a relation on A is a subset of A × A. The c

A function is a special type of relation in which every element of the domain has exactly one image in the co-domain. The chapter builds the idea of a function from basic mappings to real functions, then studies important types such as one-one, onto, and bijective functions. It also covers domain, c

Binary operation is the basic idea of combining two elements of a set to produce one element of the same set. The chapter studies when an operation is valid on a set, and then examines its properties such as commutativity, associativity, identity element, inverse, distributive law, and operation tab