Population Ecology

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A population is the total number of individuals of the same species found in a particular geographical area.

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A deme is a local population of a polytypic species that actively interbreeds and shares a distinct gene pool. It is a subdivision of a population within a geographical area.

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Population density is calculated by the formula D = N/S, where D = density, N = total number of individuals, and S = area. It tells how crowded a population is in a given space.

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Population density is influenced by the availability of natural resources and prevailing climatic conditions. Food, shelter, temperature, and water availability affect how many individuals can live in…

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Births and immigration increase population size, while deaths and emigration decrease it. Population change is written as N_t = N_0 + (B + I) - (D + E), where N_t is change in population size in time …

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Immigration is the number of individuals permanently added to a population by movement from other locations.

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Emigration is the permanent leaving of individuals from a population. It decreases the population size.

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High density can cause shortage of food, space, and basic requirements. It may lead to starvation, disease outbreaks, predators, parasites, emigration, or a decline in birth rate.