Sustainable Agriculture

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Sustainable agriculture is farming that produces maximum agricultural yield to meet present needs without causing environmental degradation. It also protects the resource base for future generations.

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India has a large and growing population, and agriculture supports a major share of the people. Food production must increase, but land, water, and soil must also be protected from damage.

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Natural farming avoids human-supplied inputs like fertilisers, pesticides, herbicides, tillage, weeding, and pruning. It uses local environment, ground cover, crop residues, and natural recycling of n…

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It is called do-nothing farming because the farmer avoids many external inputs and lets nature support crop growth through local resources, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling.

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Rishi Kheti is the Indian name for natural farming. It uses animal wastes, herbs, and cow products such as buttermilk, curd, milk, and urine as growth promoters and pest-control aids.

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Field crops include food grains, oilseeds, and pulses. Plantation crops include tea, coffee, cocoa, and rubber. Garden crops include vegetables, orchard crops, and ornamental plants.

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Food crops include rice, wheat, maize, pulses, and oil crops. Fodder crops include berseem, oat, and sorghum. Commercial crops include cotton, jute, and sugarcane.

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Rabi crops are winter crops such as wheat, gram, and mustard. Kharif crops are rainy-season crops such as paddy and soyabean. Zaid crops are summer crops such as cucumber and melons.