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Syllabus

Conservation Ecology — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 12 · Environmental Science

What Conservation Ecology covers in ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Ecosystem and its Importance.

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science · 2026-27

Topics in Conservation Ecology

1

Ecosystem and its Importance

  • The term ecosystem was coined by Tansley in 1935.
  • An ecosystem is a self-sustaining, self-regulating structural and functional unit of nature made up of living beings and their physical environment.
  • An ecosystem is an open system: it receives solar energy, transfers energy from one trophic level to another, and releases waste matter.
2

Habitat Loss and Genetic Erosion

  • Habitat loss is the greatest threat to biodiversity.
  • Forests are cut and natural habitats are converted into agricultural land, roads, pipelines, and industrial areas.
  • Tropical rain forests have depleted from about 14% to 6%.
3

Forests, Conservation, and Indian Forest Status

  • India has 19.4% of its land surface, or 6,37,293 km², under forest cover, down from 30% at the beginning of the 20th century.
  • The National Forest Policy (1988) recommends 33% forest cover overall and 67% in hills.
  • Dense forest cover is 11.5%, open or degraded forest cover is 7.8%, and mangroves occupy only 0.1%.
4

Environmental Ethics and Social Forestry

  • Environmental ethics is the moral responsibility of humans toward conservation of forests and the environment.
  • In India, people say 'Ahimsa parmo dharma', value compassion for living and non-living things, consider greed a sin, and worship big trees like Peepal and Banyan while growing Neem and Tulsi around ho
  • Social forestry means management and protection of forests and afforestation on barren lands.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Conservation Ecology explores the relationship between living organisms and the physical environment, the threats caused by human activity, and the methods used to conserve forests, wildlife, biodiversity, and natural resources.

EcosystemThreats to ecosystemHabitat lossGenetic erosionLoss of biodiversityForest conservationIndian forestsTribals and forests

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Conservation Ecology for ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science?
Key topics in Conservation Ecology include Ecosystem and its Importance, Habitat Loss and Genetic Erosion, Forests, Conservation, and Indian Forest Status, Environmental Ethics and Social Forestry. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Conservation Ecology for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 70 practice questions on Conservation Ecology. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science Syllabus

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