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Sustainable Agriculture

ICSE · Class 12 · Environmental Science

Complete topic list for Sustainable Agriculture in ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

70 questions44 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science

Topics in Sustainable Agriculture

1

1. Introduction and Need for Sustainable Agriculture

  • Agriculture is the cultivation of plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fibre, biofuel, medicinal, and other products.
  • Domestication of plants began around 11,500 years ago due to human settlements.
  • Domesticated wheat cultivation goes back around 9,800 years.
2

2. Natural Farming

  • Natural farming is an ecological farming approach established by M. Fukuoka.
  • It is described as a natural way of farming or do-nothing farming.
  • Fukuoka saw it as a closed system with no human supplied inputs.
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3. Classification of Crops

  • Crops are classified as field crops, plantation crops, and garden crops.
  • Field crops include food grains, oilseeds, and pulses.
  • Plantation crops include tea, coffee, cocoa, and rubber.
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4. Organic Farming and Integrated Pest Management

  • Organic farming uses little or no chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
  • It relies on green manure, crop rotation, compost, and biological pest control.
  • Natural fertilisers include bone meal, human and animal waste, and pyrethrin from chrysanthemum flowers.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Sustainable agriculture as a balance between food production, environmental protection, and long-term resource use

Introduction and needNatural farmingClassification of cropsOrganic farmingIntegrated Pest ManagementAgriculture in IndiaAgriculture and colonialismIndian agriculture at independence

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Sustainable Agriculture for ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science?
Sustainable Agriculture covers several key topics that are frequently asked in ICSE Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Sustainable Agriculture — ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 70 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All 8 chapters — ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science Syllabus

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