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Syllabus

Sustainable Agriculture — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 12 · Environmental Science

What Sustainable Agriculture covers in ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

70 questions44 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science · 2026-27

Topics in Sustainable Agriculture

1

1. Introduction and Need for Sustainable Agriculture

  • Agriculture is the cultivation of plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fibre, biofuel, medicinal, and other products.
  • Domestication of plants began around 11,500 years ago due to human settlements.
  • Domesticated wheat cultivation goes back around 9,800 years.
2

2. Natural Farming

  • Natural farming is an ecological farming approach established by M. Fukuoka.
  • It is described as a natural way of farming or do-nothing farming.
  • Fukuoka saw it as a closed system with no human supplied inputs.
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3. Classification of Crops

  • Crops are classified as field crops, plantation crops, and garden crops.
  • Field crops include food grains, oilseeds, and pulses.
  • Plantation crops include tea, coffee, cocoa, and rubber.
4

4. Organic Farming and Integrated Pest Management

  • Organic farming uses little or no chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
  • It relies on green manure, crop rotation, compost, and biological pest control.
  • Natural fertilisers include bone meal, human and animal waste, and pyrethrin from chrysanthemum flowers.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Sustainable agriculture as a balance between food production, environmental protection, and long-term resource use

Introduction and needNatural farmingClassification of cropsOrganic farmingIntegrated Pest ManagementAgriculture in IndiaAgriculture and colonialismIndian agriculture at independence

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Sustainable Agriculture for ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science?
Key topics in Sustainable Agriculture include Introduction and Need for Sustainable Agriculture, Natural Farming, Classification of Crops, Organic Farming and Integrated Pest Management. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Sustainable Agriculture for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 70 practice questions on Sustainable Agriculture. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All ICSE Class 12 Environmental Science Syllabus

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