Direct and Indirect Speech — Flashcards

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Direct Speech is when we repeat the exact words spoken by someone, enclosed in quotation marks. The speaker's words are not changed. Example: Ravi said, "I am going to school."…

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Indirect Speech is when we report what someone said using our own words. Quotation marks are not used, and changes are made to tense, pronouns, and time/place words. Example: Ravi said that he was g…

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1. **Reporting Clause**: Contains the reporting verb and speaker. 2. **Reported Speech**: The actual words spoken, inside quotation marks. Example: She said, "I am tired." → 'She said' = reporting cl…

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A Reporting Verb is the verb used to introduce what someone said. Examples: said, told, asked, replied, exclaimed. Note: 'Told' must be followed by a person (object), while 'said' can stand alone. E…

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Reported Speech is the actual content of what was said, placed within quotation marks in Direct Speech. Example: He said, "I love mangoes." → "I love mangoes" is the reported speech.

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When the reporting verb is in the **present** or **future** tense, the tense of the reported speech stays the same. Examples: Teacher says, "We are learning grammar." → Teacher says that we are learn…

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When the reporting verb is in the past tense, Simple Present changes to Simple Past. Direct: She said, "I need help." Indirect: She said that she needed help. Rule: do/does → did…

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Present Continuous (is/am/are + verb-ing) changes to Past Continuous (was/were + verb-ing) when the reporting verb is in the past. Direct: He said, "I am reading a book." Indirect: He said that he wa…