Matter

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Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Examples: book, water, air. All things around us—living and non-living—are made of matter.

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The three states of matter are: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. Example: Ice (solid), Water (liquid), Steam (gas).

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Solids cannot be compressed easily because their molecules are tightly packed with very little space between them. The intermolecular forces are very strong, so the particles cannot be pushed closer.

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Liquids take the shape of their container because the molecules are loosely packed and can move around within the liquid. They are not fixed in position like in solids, so they flow and adjust to the …

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Gases fill the entire container because their molecules are far apart and move freely in all directions. There is negligible force of attraction between them, so they spread out to occupy all availabl…

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Molecules are the smallest particles of a substance that can exist freely and still have the same properties as the substance. For example, a water molecule (H₂O) is made of two hydrogen atoms and one…

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Yes, molecules in matter are always in constant random motion. In solids, they vibrate in place. In liquids, they slide past each other. In gases, they move freely and rapidly in all directions.

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The smell of perfume spreads because the gas molecules are in constant random motion. They diffuse quickly through the air and reach all parts of the room. This shows that gas particles move freely an…