India: Climate, Flora and Fauna

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India's climate is called tropical monsoon climate because monsoon winds reverse their direction seasonally and bring distinct wet and dry seasons. Rainfall is uneven and strongly affects farming and …

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The Tropic of Cancer divides India into two halves: the north temperate zone and the south tropical zone. This helps create climatic differences between northern and southern India.

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The Great Himalayan range blocks bitter cold winds from Central Asia and also intercepts moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds. This helps India stay warmer in winter and receive heavy rainfall in ma…

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Temperature decreases at the rate of 1°C for every 166 m of altitude increase. This means higher places are cooler than low plains.

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Hill stations are cooler because temperature falls as altitude increases. For every 166 m rise in height, temperature decreases by 1°C, so places like hill stations stay cooler than nearby lowlands.

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Places near the sea have a marine or equable climate with less temperature variation, while inland places have a continental or extreme climate with greater heat and cold.

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Western disturbances are temperate cyclones that originate in the Mediterranean Sea during winter. They bring rainfall to northwest India and snowfall in the Himalayas.

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Western disturbances are winter temperate cyclones from the Mediterranean Sea, while tropical cyclones form over the Bay of Bengal and affect the eastern coast during summer. They are different in ori…